Administration and Management

Administration is sometimes use to refer to the activities of the higher level of the management group who determine major aims and policies. This can be called the broader use of the term which is often used in government department (e.g. the Civil Service). It is also used in the narrower sense, of controlling the day-to-day running of the enterprise.

An administrator can also be a manager, this occurs when the administrator in concerned with implementing policy in dealing with employees to whom responsibilities have been delegated.

Administrative can be defines as : that part of the management process concerned with the institution and carrying out of procedures by which the programmed is laid down and communicated, and the progress of activities is regulated and checked against targets and plans.

Management has even more meanings that administration.

Management can mean :

-. A process by which scarce resources are combined to achieve given ends. This describes an activity which can be better described by the word managing.

-. The management referring to those people carrying out the activity. This should really be the managers.

-. The body of knowledge about the activity of managing, regarded have as special field of study, i.e. a profession.

Of these three above, the first is preferable, management referring to the process of management/

A useful approach is o consider management to be a process whereby a suitable environment is created for effort to be organized to accomplish desired goals.

Management can be defines as : a social process entailing responsibility  for the effective and economical planning and regulation of the operations of an enterprise, in fulfillment of a given purpose or task, such responsibility involving :

-. Judgment and decision in determining plans, and the development of data procedures to assist control of performance and progress against plans, and

-. The guidance, integration, motivation and supervision of the personnel composing the enterprise and carrying out its operations.

It can be seen from the above that the process as a whole is called management – administration being part of it.

The term top management usually refers to management above departmental level and is loosely applied to directors.

The word executive is correctly used when referring to a person who carries out policy.

Organization

There is really no doubt the present meaning of organization. Its purpose is to create an arrangement of position and responsibilities through and by means of which an enterprise can carry out its work.

Organization can be defines as: the frame work of the management process as formed by:

-. The responsibilities by means of which the activities of the enterprise are dispersed among the (managerial, supervisory and specialist) personnel employed in its service.

-. The formal interrelations established among the personnel by virtue of such responsibilities.

It should be noted that organization should not be regarded as rigid as the term “framework” implies. Organization structure must be constantly reviewed and note takes of informal relationships which develop.

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